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Cardiovascular Words
A
aberrant conduction
accidental murmur
adenosine
algorithm
amaurosis fugax
amiodarone
aneurysm
aneurysmectomy
angina pectoris
angiocardiography
angiogram
angiography
angioplasty
anterolateral
aorta
aortic septal defect
aortic stenosis
arrhythmia
arterial anastomosis
arterial hypertension
arteriography
arteriole
arteriosclerosis
arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)
arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)
ASCVD (arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease)
ASD (atrial septal defect)
ASHD (arteriosclerotic heart disease)
asystole
atherosclerosis
ATRAC-II double balloon catheter
ATRAC multipurpose balloon catheter
atria
atrial
atrial fibrillation
atrial septal defect (ASD)
atrial tachycardia
atrioventricular block (A-V block)
atrioventricular node
atrioventricular nodal tachycardia
atrium (atria)
A-V block (atrioventricular block)
A-V nodal reentry tachycardia
B
BAROCCO (Balloon Angioplasty Versus Rotacs for Total Chronic Coronary Occlusion)
beta blocker
bifascicular block
bifurcation
brachial artery
bradycardia
brady down
Bruce protocol
Brugada syndrome – See MT Desk glossary entry
bruit
bulldog clamp
bundle branch block
bundle of His
C
CABG (coronary artery bypass graft)
calcium channel blocker
capillary
carbon dioxide
cardiac arrest
cardiac catheterization
cardiac enzymes
cardiac scan
cardiomegaly
cardiomyopathy
cardioversion
carotid bruit
CK (creatine kinase)
CK-MB (creatine kinase-muscle band)
claudication
click
coarctation of the aorta
concomitant
congenital heart disease
congestive heart disease
congestive heart failure (CHF)
coronary angioplasty
coronary arteries
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
coronary artery disease
coronary bypass surgery
coronary steal syndrome
CPK (creatine phosphokinase)
CPK-MB (creatine phosphokinase of muscle band)
creatine kinase (CK)
creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
crescendo-decrescendo
CVI (cerebrovascular insufficiency)
cyanosis
D
deoxygenated blood
diastole
diastolic murmur
digital subtraction
digitalis
digoxin
dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE)
Doppler ultrasound flowmeter
downward sloping
DSE (dobutamine stress echocardiography)
E
ECG (electrocardiogram)
EKG leads
– 12-lead electrocardiogram – these are the leads: I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF, V1 through V6
echocardiography
ejection murmur
electrical axis
electrocardiogram
electrocardiography
electromagnetic flowmeter
emboli
embolus (emboli)
endarterectomy
endocarditis
endocardium
extracorporeal circulation
F
fibrillation
flutter
fusion beats
G
gallium scan
gallop
gated blood-pool study (GBPS)
Gelfoam
global hypokinesis
globoid heart
Gowers contraction
Groshong catheter
Guillain-Barre syndrome
H
harsh systolic murmur
HCVD (hypertensive cardiovascular disease)
heave
Heberden nodes
hemiblock
hemorrhoids
holosystolic murmur
Holter monitor
hypercholesterolemia
hypertension
hypertensive cardiovascular disease (HCVD)
hypotension
hypoxia
I
infarction
inferior lead
injury pattern
interatrial septum
interval
interventricular septum
ischemia
J
joule (sounds like “jewel”)
“K” – NO ENTRIES
L
LBBB (left bundle branch block)
left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
LGL (Lown-Ganong-Levine) syndrome
LGLS (Lown-Ganong-Levin syndrome)
lipid tests
lipoprotein electrophoresis
Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL) syndrome
LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy)
M
MB fraction
MI (myocardial infarction)
MI (mitral insufficiency)
MIDCAB (minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass)
mitral insufficiency (MI)
mitral regurgitation
mitral stenosis
mitral valve
mitral valve prolapse
mitral valvulitis
Mobitz type (I, II) heart block
multivessel
murmur
myocardial infarction (MI)
myocardium
N
necrosis
nitroglycerin
nitroglycerin paste (not nitropaste)
normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
NSR (normal sinus rhythm)
O
occlusive vascular disease
P
PAC (premature atrial contraction)
pacemaker
palpitations
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT)
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT or PST)
PAT (paroxysmal atrial tachycardia)
patent ductus arteriosus
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
pericardial tamponade
pericarditis
pericarditis-myocarditis syndrome
pericardium
Persantine stress test
Persantine thallium stress test
petechiae
phlebitis
phlebotomy
porcine prosthetic valve
precordium
premature atrial contraction (PAC)
premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
P-R interval
PST (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia)
PSVT (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia)
PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)
prosthetic click
PVC (premature ventricular contraction)
PVC (pulmonary venous congestion)
Q
QRS alternans, changes, complex, interval, vector
QRS-ST junction
QRS-T changes
QRST interval
Q-T interval
quadrigeminy
quinidine
Q wave
R
Raynaud’s phenomenon
RBBB (right bundle branch block)
regurgitation
rheumatic heart disease
right bundle branch block (RBBB)
right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)
ROMI (rule out myocardial infarction)
rub
rule out myocardial infarction (ROMI)
RVH (right ventricular hypertrophy)
R wave
S
septa
septal defect
septum
sestamibi
sick sinus syndrome
sinoatrial node
sinus bradycardia
sinus node dysfunction
sinus tachycardia
situs solitus
snowman heart
sphygmomanometer
ST depression, elevation, segment changes, segment depression, segment elevation
ST-T wave
steal (not steel) syndrome
stethoscope
stress test – exercise, Persantine, sestamibi, thallium, treadmill
supraventricular
supraventricular tachycardia
SVT (supraventricular tachycardia)
SynerGraft pulmonary heart valve – See MT Desk glossary entry
systemic circulation
systole
systolic ejection murmur
systolic whoop
T
tachybradycardia
tachycardia
tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome
tachydysrhythmia
Technetium scan: 99mTc sestamibi
TEE (transesophageal echocardiography)
tetralogy of Fallot
thrill
thrombolytic therapy
thrombotic occlusion
t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator)
transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)
treadmill stress test (TST)
tricuspid regurgitation
tricuspid valve
trifascicular disease
troponin I – See MT Desk glossary entry
troponin level
troponin T – See MT Desk glossary entry
TST (treadmill stress test)
T wave
“U” – NO ENTRIES
V
valvectomy
valvotomy
valvuloplasty
varicose veins
Vas-Cath catheter
vascular
vascular insult
vascular markings
vasculitis
vasoconstriction
vasodilation
vegetation
vein
vena cava
venae cavae
venous
ventricle
ventricular
ventriculotomy
venule
W
waveform
Wenckebach phenomenon
white-coat hypertension
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome
WPW (Wolff-Parkinson-White) syndrome
X
xenograft
“Y” – NO ENTRIES
“Z” – NO ENTRIES
Surgical Procedures:
Aneurysmectomy [ann-ure-is-meck-ta-me] removal of an aneurysm
Arterial anastomosis [ann-ass-to-moe-sis] end-to-end union of two different arteries or two separate segments of the same artery
Atriotomy [a-tree-ott-toe-me] – incision of the atrium
Biopsy – arterial, etc. – carried out to examine a specimen of an arterial vessel wall.
Arterial biopsy often confirms inflammation of the vessel wall, or arteritis, [aart-urh-ite-iss]a type of vasculitis [vass-kule-ite-iss].
Cardiolysis – freeing of pericardial adhesions from surrounding tissues, involving resection of ribs and sternum (open chest surgery)
Cardioplasty – surgical repair of the heart to relieve spasm
Cardiorrhaphy – suture of the heart (note the two rr’s)
Cardiotomy – incision of the heart
Pericardiectomy – excision of a portion of the pericardium
TOP
Pericardiocentesis – [pair-ee-kard-ee-oh-sent-ee-suss] the pericardium is surgically punctured in order to remove a small sample of the pericardial fluid for laboratory examination. This test is performed while the patient is in a semisitting position and under EKG monitoring. The fluid removed is tested for protein, sugar, and LDH. Most often it is used to determine the cause of pericarditis (bacterial, fungal, tubercular or viral), or to confirm suspected carcinomatous infiltration of the pericardium.
Phleborrhaphy, [flee-bore-uh-fee] or venorrhaphy – suturing of a vein
Phlebotomy, venisection, [veen-ee-section] venipuncture – opening or piercing of a vein for removal of blood, or for the introduction of fluids or medications via an IV
Thrombectomy – removal of a thrombus
Valvotomy, mitral commissurotomy – [come-iss-sure-ott-tomy] surgical incision of a mitral valve to increase the size of the orifice; used in treating mitral stenosis
Venotomy [veen] – surgical incision of a vein
Precardiac surgery evaluation: I.Approximately 8 million surgeries in the United States are performed on patients with known or suspected cardiac disease. Preoperative evaluation can help stratify risk.
A.The Goldman index. Useful in predicting cardiac events in an unselected, random group of patients.
B.Functional status. If patient can walk up stairs while carrying a load (functional status class I and II), has a low Goldman index and no known cardiac disease, there is a very low risk of cardiac complications.
C.Electrocardiography. Ischemia on a resting ECG is suggestive of a worse outcome. However, exercise tolerance appears to be more important than ECG changes in predicting outcomes.
D.Echocardiography. Should be reserved for those who would need an echocardiogram even if they were not having surgery, such as those with murmurs that have not been previously evaluated and those with CHF of unknown cause (diastolic versus systolic versus valvular, etc.). Stress echocardiography can be used as a replacement.
E.Radionuclide ventriculography determined ejection fraction. Has not been shown to be useful in determining risk for infarction perioperatively. Note, however, that this type of datum is taken into account with clinical measures in the Goldman index (S3 gallop, JVD) and in functional status (class). F.Thallium scanning. Thallium scanning seems to be highly sensitive at selecting those who will have postoperative cardiac problems. Specificity is a problem (53% to 80%) unless restricted to a high-risk group. The use of thallium scanning should be restricted to those individuals who cannot exercise (therefore the functional status of these patients cannot be determined) and those whose risk cannot be determined by clinical criteria.
G.History of MI. <3 weeks has 25% mortality; urgent procedure only. At 3 months 10% mortality; semiurgent procedures. At 6 months 5% mortality: elective. At 1 year, same risk as asymptomatic patient with cardiac disease.
II.Beta-blockers reduce perioperative ischemia in those undergoing noncardiac surgery who have known coronary artery disease or a high risk of coronary artery disease (2 or more risk factors).
